Tajikistan was among the first post-Soviet states to face violent extremism, initially emerging during the 1992–1997 civil war. While early threats were limited, including no suicide attacks until 2010, recent years have seen a marked escalation. Extremism has evolved in four phases: conflict and emergence of fundamentalist groups (1991–1997), peacebuilding and ideological spread (1998– 2012), increased radicalisation and foreign fighter mobilisation (2013–2016), and reintegration efforts (2017 onwards). Current strategies prioritise the rehabilitation and reintegration of returnees, reflecting the government’s shift from security-focused responses to more preventive and community-based approaches.

GCERF Governing Board approved Tajikistan to become a partner country in September 2024, requesting the GCERF Secretariat to manage the process of the Republic of Tajikistan joining the Board.